Category Archives: Security

Cyber Monday 2020 set a record for e-commerce spending in one day, totaling $10.8 billion. With the pandemic raging on, many customers took to online stores to do their holiday shopping. While New Jersey COVID-19 cases have declined in recent weeks and vaccinations continue, I expect many people will choose to conduct their shopping online and potentially start shopping earlier than usual, given concerns for supply chain issues and shipping delays. Some predict that online shopping spending will total over $200 billion for the first time by the end of the holiday season.

Given that volume of e-commerce shopping, cybercriminals will continue to target online shoppers and marketplaces for financial gain. Therefore, it is vital to maintain awareness of the many cyber threats posed by these individuals and groups. Threat actors may target victims through various methods, including compromised or spoofed websites, phishing emails, social media ads and messages, or unsecured Wi-Fi networks. I’m going to present a list of common attack vectors, along with some tips and best practices that will help you to combat cybercriminals’ threats during this holiday season.

Magecart and Other Online Skimming Attacks

Magecart attacks are a type of web-based data skimming operation used to capture customer payment card data from the checkout pages of online stores. These attacks are accomplished by gaining access to the targeted website (either directly or through a supply chain attack), injecting malicious JavaScript code into the checkout page to skim the desired data, and sending the information back to a threat actor-controlled server. Magecart attacks are conducted by many threat actors and are not specific to one group.

Once they steal payment card data, they can make fraudulent purchases or sell it on the dark web or other marketplaces. Cybercriminals are likely to continue to target online marketplaces this year. As such, I encourage you to use credit cards rather than debit cards because they often have better consumer fraud protections. Also, if you are especially concerned about fraudulent attempts on your card, you can consider enabling charge notifications for every card transaction. Enabling these notifications may make it easier for you to identify a fraudulent transaction as soon as it occurs. If you discover fraudulent activity on your account, lock the affected card, notify your bank immediately, and request a new payment card.

Be Wary of Links and Attachments in Unsolicited Emails

Around the holidays, you will likely receive emails from known retailers regarding sales and coupons, order confirmations, and shipping notices. Cybercriminals can create spoofed emails by stealing retailer branding to make fraudulent emails appear legitimate and may contain links or attachments that install malware or lead you to spoofed websites that steal your credentials. These emails may attempt to convey a sense of urgency — “Limited Time Offer!” — to prevent you from thoroughly inspecting the email for red flags. I urge you to avoid these schemes and go directly to retailer websites by typing the legitimate URL in your browser instead of clicking on links in emails. And please refrain from entering your login credentials on websites if you clicked on a link in an email that looks even slightly suspicious!

Take Caution with Social Media Ads

Everyone is blasted with ads as you scroll social media platforms. While many of these ads link to known, legitimate vendor websites, you may also be confronted with ads that link to malicious or otherwise suspicious sites that could be used to install malware, steal credentials, or sell counterfeit goods. Cybercriminals frequently employ URL shortening to trick people on social media sites and other outlets by hiding the true destination of a link. I suggest you use a URL expander (e.g., https://urlexpander.net) to reveal the true destination of shortened URLs before you visit any website and verify it is a legitimate vendor before making any purchases.

Look Out for Holiday-Themed eCards and Messages Meant to Install Malware

In the past, people have reported being targeted with various Thanksgiving Day-related scams. In some cases, spoofed emails were sent appearing to originate from legitimate organizations and contained the subject line “Thanksgiving eCard.” Last year, an Emotet banking trojan campaign was observed using Thanksgiving lures, with the subject lines “Happy Thanksgiving Day Greeting Message” and “Thanksgiving Day Card.” As malicious actors commonly leverage public interest and current events to conduct financial fraud and disseminate malware, I want to remind you to exercise caution with unsolicited emails, especially those with a holiday theme.

Do Your Online Shopping at Home

Avoid using public computers, such as those at a library or hotel, or public Wi-Fi connections to log in to your accounts or conduct online shopping. Miscreants could infect public computers with malware designed to steal your information, and hackers can intercept network traffic traveling over unencrypted Wi-Fi signals. If you must connect to public Wi-Fi, use a virtual private network (VPN) to secure information transmitted between your device and the internet. Additionally, I advise you to refrain from using your office (or work) computer to make online purchases as cyberthreats could endanger company and customer information.

Beware of ‘Secret Sister’ Gift Exchange Scam

Many people enjoy participating in group gift exchanges this time of year; however, beware of potential scams. Social media posts promoting a “Secret Sister” gift exchange promise between 6 and 36 gifts in exchange for sending one gift. While this type of chain letter appears innocent, it is illegal and considered a pyramid scheme. The scam, detailed by the Better Business Bureau, begins by requesting the name and address of the recipient and their friends. This holiday season, only participate in gift exchanges with individuals you know personally and refrain from sharing too much (or any) personal information online.

Verify Charities Before Donating

It is common around the holidays to donate to charities, particularly those that provide goods or services to those individuals and families in need. You may be prompted to donate via solicitations received through email or social media; however, these could be promoting fake charities or impersonating legitimate charities. Prior to donating, research the charity through a nonprofit site such as https://charitywatch.org or https://charitynavigator.org for information on charity legitimacy and other details, such as the percentage of donations that go directly to the associated cause.

Be cautious with your online activities, think before responding to emails, and call me if you have any questions.

Thanks, and safe computing!

I received an email from a client requesting help regarding a form his bank sent him to fill out because his bank detected a fraudulent attempt to access his account. They explained that the IP address of the failed attempt, which used his actual username, was located in Miami, Florida. My client lives in a town in Nassau County on Long Island.

It took a while before my client realized he had been locked out of his account for safety’s sake because of the fraudulent attempt. I get that. In a “normal world,” you’d ask that the password for the account be reset, you’d provide a new password, and you’d be back to online banking. But not with this bank. Nope, they wanted more — much more! They asked my client to acknowledge having taken one of the following options:

The hard drive of each computer was wiped clean and the operating system, as well as any software the Client utilizes was reinstalled. Thereafter, a scan utilizing proven effective anti-malware/anti-virus software was run on each of Client’s computers and no virus or other malicious software was found. [or]

Each computer was replaced with a cleaned computer. A scan utilizing proven effective anti-malware/anti-virus software was run on each of Client’s replacement computers and no virus or other malicious software was found. [or]

Client will access [bank name redacted] from a different computer/device and a scan utilizing proven effective anti-malware/anti-virus software was run on the computer and no virus or other malicious software was found.

The paragraph appearing before these options contained jargon that implied the computer itself had been compromised, thus warranting these extreme measures. But here’s the thing: that wasn’t the case here, and there isn’t any way to accurately determine when – or even if – this computer was the reason someone attempted to access the account.

I’ve written for years that name, email, and password information is readily available to anyone who wants it for nefarious means. Vast troves of data are inexpensive and they can pay off significantly if used maliciously. Anyone can go to https://haveibeenpwned.com to see if their email address is out in the wild. I found this client’s email address was in six data breaches.

With billions (yes with a “b”) of email addresses and passwords that can easily be cracked, less than honorable people miscreants then try to see if they can find other accounts that use the same credentials. Because, after all, most of us are creatures of habit (i.e., lazy) and don’t want to keep track of lots of different passwords.

After several discussions, I learned that my client used a specific construct for a username and password on different sites. It was an easy construct, something like joebob1823. While easily remembered, it is an awful security measure. How many sites was this used as a username? I didn’t ask. How many sites was this used as a password? Again, I don’t know. But if it was more than one, it was way too many.

Why? Because his email is associated with joebob1823, and joebob1823 is associated with a password for one of the compromised websites. Now, go to LinkedIn and see if this works to gain access to his account. Then go to Instagram, and Facebook, and all the social media sites. Next, try some common banks, like Citibank, Chase, or Wells Fargo. Then go after brokerage accounts, like Charles Schwab or Fidelity Investments. You see where this is heading. To a group of bad actors with nearly unlimited computing resources, this is child’s play. They set up scripts to run multiple iterations at various sites until they either gain access or the site stops them because of repeated violations.

What could help this client the most? That would be if his bank offered two-factor authentication (commonly referred to as 2FA). I explained it to him as follows:

You go to your bank’s website, supply your credentials, your username, and password, and click Enter or Next. Then, you must enter a code to continue. The bank can generate that code in several ways. For example, the back will call the phone number associated with your account, and an automated voice recites the numbers, one at a time. Or you can get an email sent to the email address associated with your account. You can then copy and paste that number into the field. Or you can use an app on your phone, such as the Google Authenticator. This app generates a series of random numbers every 45 seconds. Enter that number into the field, and you gain access to your account. The primary reason as to why this is a reasonably successful security measure is that this second form of confirmation is yours and yours alone.
Now there are known ways of spoofing every single one of those 2FA mechanisms. But they require more effort than most bad actors will use to hack an individual’s account. And using 2FA is much better than not having it. Surprisingly, my client’s bank does use 2FA, but it is not required. I am particularly livid about that when you consider what they want him to do to his computer because of the fraud attempt.

What else could help this client? The use of more sophisticated passwords. joebob1823 is not a rigorous or strong password. Using the University of Illinois at Chicago’s Password strength test (https://www.uic.edu/apps/strong-password/), it merits a complexity score of “Good” (although I disagree with that). There are many indicators on the results list that are red or yellow.

I suggested that he use a more complex formula to create a password, essentially using a phrase. For example, he has an adorable dog whose name is Lizzy. So, he could make a more complex password from the words, “Lizzy is a cute dog.” With minimal effort, this becomes Li##yI$@Cut3D06. Checking the complexity score, this received a “Very Strong” rating, and it only picks up some nits for repeating characters and numbers. But a simple dictionary attack is not going to discover this. And if it is used at only one website, then the likelihood of its being compromised is lowered exponentially.

Oh, and before you ask, yes, you can write these down if you are at home. Some of you may ask why I don’t recommend using a third-party product to keep track of passwords. That’s because I have yet to find one that has a sure-fire mechanism of preventing access to your account information if their database is breached.

Takeaway: Ask your financial institutions how to set up 2FA on your accounts, and start to use more sophisticated passwords everywhere.

Thanks, and safe computing!